What is primarily responsible for heat transfer in the form of waves?

Radiation is the correct response to this question as it refers specifically to the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves. Unlike conduction and convection, which require a medium (solids, liquids, or gases) for heat transfer, radiation can occur in a vacuum. This principle is evident in how the Sun heats the Earth; the heat travels through the vacuum of space via radiation. The nature of these waves allows for energy transfer without the need for physical contact between objects or the intervening medium.

In contrast, convection involves the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, where warmer areas rise and cooler areas sink, creating a cycle of movement. Conduction refers to heat transfer through direct contact between materials, commonly occurring in solids. Induction generally pertains to a method of transferring energy, typically related to electrical processes rather than thermal conduction, making it less relevant in this context.